硅藻土对5种储粮害虫和不同磷化氢抗性水平杂拟谷盗防治效果的研究     

孟宏杰  张婷  陈二虎  唐培安  赵叶飞  冯俊 《植物保护》2020,46(6):240-245

为初步了解硅藻土对储粮害虫的防治效果以及与害虫磷化氢抗性发生发展的关系, 本研究采用直接拌粮法(设置剂量梯度为0?0.2?0.4?0.6 g/kg和 0.8 g/kg)测定硅藻土对赤拟谷盗?杂拟谷盗?锈赤扁谷盗?谷蠹?玉米象的防治效果, 以及磷化氢抗性杂拟谷盗(抗性倍数为 2.3~144.7)对硅藻土的敏感性差异; 除此之外, 本研究还分析了0.4 g/kg硅藻土在 4 种粮食(小麦?玉米?大豆?稻谷)中对赤拟谷盗的杀虫效果?研究结果表明:一定剂量(0.2~0.8 g/kg)的硅藻土均能够在一定时间内有效杀死上述 5种储粮害虫, 不同储粮害虫对硅藻土的敏感性存在显著差异(P<0.05), 其中杂拟谷盗对硅藻土的耐受性最强, 玉米象对硅藻土最为敏感?除个别品系外, 不同磷化氢抗性品系的杂拟谷盗对硅藻土的敏感性不存在显著差异(P>0.05), 且与磷化氢抗性无关; 硅藻土在不同粮食中对害虫的作用效果存在显著性差异(P<0.05)(处理 7 d后, 死亡率为 13%~98%), 其中在大豆中对赤拟谷盗的杀虫效果最强, 在玉米中对其作用效果不明显?因此本研究得出结论:硅藻土对主要储粮害虫均具有一定的防治作用, 且对抗磷化氢的杂拟谷盗具有良好的致死效果?因此, 硅藻土具备成为储粮害虫防治及其磷化氢抗性治理药剂的潜力?  相似文献   

储粮害虫磷化氢抗性分子遗传学研究进展     

程玉  曾伶 《粮食储藏》2016,(1):5-10

由于长期单一使用磷化氢,储粮害虫对其产生的抗药性日益增强,已成为威胁粮食安全储藏的重大问题。自从发现两个磷化氢抗性基因rph1和rph2,以及完成赤拟谷盗全基因测序以来,储粮害虫磷化氢抗性基因的相关研究迅速发展。近年来,在抗性基因的鉴定、表达、进化、突变等研究方面取得了一定成果,为储粮害虫磷化氢抗性治理提供了新的科学指导。本文就储粮害虫磷化氢抗性分子遗传学的研究进展进行综述。  相似文献   

Comparison of fumigation efficacy of methyl bromide alone and phosphine applied either alone or simultaneously or sequentially against Bactrocera correcta in Selenicereus undatus (red pitaya) fruit     

Changyao Shan  Baishu Li  Li Li  Xin Du  Yonglin Ren  Simon J. McKirdy  Tao Liu 《Pest management science》2023,79(12):4942-4951

  相似文献   

The action of phosphine against the eggs of phosphine-resistant and -susceptible strains of Rhyzopertha dominica F     

Rajendran S  Nayak KR  Anjum SS 《Pest management science》2001,57(5):422-426

The effect of phosphine at exposure periods of 24, 48 and 120 h on hatching and mortality of 0- to 1-day-old eggs of susceptible (TN6) and resistant (FC10) strains of Rhyzopertha dominica of field origin was investigated. The fumigant affected hatching in both the strains. In a 48-h exposure at 27 (+/- 2) degrees C, the LD99 doses for the eggs of TN6 and FC10 were 0.56 and 3.25 mg litre-1, respectively. Significant reduction in hatching was observed in treated batches with progressive increase of phosphine dose in the first 2-3 days. On subsequent days the numbers hatching were often similar to those in controls, and sometimes exceeded control hatch, especially following a 5-day exposure. A critical change in the order of susceptibility of egg and adult stages of the two strains was noticed. In 48-h exposures, eggs of the susceptible strain were more tolerant than their adults, whilst the reverse was true in the resistant strain.  相似文献   

小麦水分和装满度对磷化氢吸附率的影响     

王殿轩 陆群杨继芳  张献武高希武 《植物检疫》2005,19(5):264-267

在小麦含水量分别为9.3%、12.6%和14.4%,装满度分别为100%、70%、50%、30%和0%,气体浓度为100mL/m3和400mL/m3的条件下,测定小麦对磷化氢的吸附率,结果表明小麦对磷化氢的吸附率随着粮食水分增加,磷化氢浓度和装满度增大有不同程度增加.在药量较大的施药初期和装满度大时,检测到的磷化氢浓度高于设定浓度,磷化氢浓度、小麦水分和装满度较低时,小麦对磷化氢的吸附较容易达到平衡.  相似文献   

Effects of time and concentration on mortality of phosphine-resistant Sitophilus oryzae (L) fumigated with phosphine     

Daglish GJ  Collins PJ  Pavic H  Kopittke RA 《Pest management science》2002,58(10):1015-1021

The effects of exposure period and phosphine concentration on mortality of susceptible and resistant Sitophilus oryzae (L) were investigated. Although S oryzae is one of the world's most serious pests of stored grain there are few data on the practical significance of phosphine resistance in this species. The strains investigated were an Australian susceptible strain, a homozygous resistant strain exhibiting a level of resistance common in Australia and an unselected field strain from China with a much stronger resistance. Fumigations were carried out at 25 degrees C on adults and mixed-age cultures. For adults of all three strains and mixed-age cultures of the susceptible and resistant Australian strains, the relationship between concentration and time could be described by equations of the form Cnt = k. In all cases n < 1, indicating that time was a more important variable than concentration. In all fumigations of adults the resistant strains were harder to kill than the susceptible strain. However, in fumigations of mixed-age cultures, which contained the tolerant pupal stage, the difference between susceptible and resistant strains was more pronounced at lower concentrations than higher concentrations. For example, at 0.02 mg litre-1 the estimated LT99.9 for mixed-age cultures of the Australian resistant strain (27 days) is 3.4 times that of the susceptible strain (8 days), but at 1 mg litre-1 there is no difference between the two strains (4 days). Limited data on the Chinese resistant strain supported this finding. Twenty-three days exposure at 0.02 mg litre-1 had no effect on mixed-age cultures of this strain, but there were no survivors after 5 days exposure to 1 mg litre-1.  相似文献   

磷化氢的生物合成     

郭夏丽  郑平 《中国沼气》2002,20(4):17-21

磷化氢（PH3）是有毒、致癌、无色、有恶臭味的气体，既可由工业化学合成，也可由生物合成。产PH3的微生物一般为兼性厌氧和专性厌氧微生物。借助于气相色谱检测，已发现PH3在自然界中广泛存在。热力学分析，磷酸盐还原成磷化氢是一种吸能反应。目前，磷化氢生物合成的具体机制还不清楚。  相似文献   

浅圆仓储粮应用磷化氢熏蒸的建议     

王殿轩  高希武  庞文渌 《粮食储藏》2004,33(2):3-5

本文对浅圆仓储粮中需要进行磷化氢熏蒸时的几种情况进行了讨论，包括粮堆基本均温时的熏蒸处理、冬后负温差粮的熏蒸、空间与表层的熏蒸、局部或深层部位的害虫熏蒸等，并对这几种情况下可采用的措施和应注意的问题提出了建议。  相似文献   

谷蠹磷化氢高抗性品系的抗性遗传分析   总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2  

梁永生  覃章贵  邓刚 《粮食储藏》2001,30(3):3-7

用采自广东潮州、湖北沙洋和广东阳春等3个高抗性品系的谷蠹进行了抗性遗传研究，分别对这3个高抗性品系的谷蠹和一个敏感品系的谷蠹进行纯化后，作为亲本进行一系列杂交组合试验，用LCT方法测出各个亲本及其F1代杂种（F1）、F1代对抗性亲本的回交（F1－BC）、F1代自交（F2）、敏感亲本雄性与抗性亲本雌性的杂交（F11）、抗性亲本雄性与敏感亲本雄性的杂交（F12）的浓度时间对数－死亡机率值反应曲线（LCT－P线），并对这些结果进行分析。结果表明：各地对磷化氢有高抗性的谷蠹品系的抗性遗传都为不完全显性，受两对或两对以上基因控制，并在常染色体上而非性连锁。  相似文献   

磷化氢杀虫机理研究综述   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

陈春刚  曹阳  柏志美 《粮食储藏》2004,33(3):12-17

系统地综述了对储粮熏蒸剂磷化氢(PH3)的研究结果，从PH3的各种特性和杀虫机理两个方面入手，收集了各种研究试验结果。特性方面重点介绍PH3的物理、化学性质、对人的毒性、熏蒸后的残留与分解等知识。杀虫机理方面介绍了PH3进入昆虫体内的途径，PH3作用在害虫体内的耙标部位，研究结果表明，PH3作用于多种酶，但是，作用于各种酶分子上的靶标部位不详，对害虫的作用机理还未形成一致的结论。本文最后建议开展PH3与昆虫体内蛋白质二硫键的作用研究，希望揭示杀虫机理，供基层技术人员在实际熏蒸杀虫工作中参考。  相似文献